Abstract
Background and objectives
Coffee intake is associated with low risk of symptomatic gallstone disease (GSD). We tested the hypothesis that high coffee intake causally protects against symptomatic GSD using a Mendelian randomization design.
Douglas Lowe II MD is Board Certified in Gastroenterology by the American Board of Internal Medicine
Douglas Lowe II MD
Douglas Lowe II MD is a Board Certified Gastroenterologist with Southern Gastroenterology Specialists
