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Coffee intake protects against symptomatic gallstone disease in the general population: a Mendelian randomization study

Douglas Lowe II MD

Abstract

Background and objectives

Coffee intake is associated with low risk of symptomatic gallstone disease (GSD). We tested the hypothesis that high coffee intake causally protects against symptomatic GSD using a Mendelian randomization design.

Source: Coffee intake protects against symptomatic gallstone disease in the general population: a Mendelian randomization study

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